About the Author

Rusty Burlew

Rusty is a master beekeeper in Washington State. She has been fascinated by honey bees since childhood and, in recent years, has become enthralled with the native bees that share pollination duty with honey bees. She has an undergraduate degree in agronomic crops and a master’s degree in environmental studies with an emphasis on pollination ecology. Rusty owns a website, HoneyBeeSuite.com, and is the director of a small non-profit, the Native Bee Conservancy of Washington State. Through the non-profit, she helps organizations with conservation projects by taking species inventories and planning pollinator habitat. Besides writing for the website, Rusty has published in Bee Culture and Bee World magazines, and has regular columns in Bee Craft (UK) and the American Bee Journal. She frequently speaks to groups about bee conservation, and has worked as an expert witness in bee sting litigation. In her spare time, Rusty enjoys macro photography, gardening, canning, baking, and quilting.
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Articles by Rusty Burlew

How Do Honey Bees Survive the Winter Without Fresh Pollen?
October 14, 2021 · · Health & Pests

All during the foraging season, honey bees collect pollen and nectar. They use nectar for energy to keep going from day to day. Any extra nectar is turned into honey and stored in combs.

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What Bugs Your Bees in Winter? Know the Lineup of Beekeeping Pests.
October 12, 2021 · · Health & Pests

Even before we open our first beehive, we are warned about pests that may live within. Small hive beetles, wax moths, and varroa mites are things we dread, so early in our training we learn how to deal with them.

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Movements of the Winter Bee Cluster
October 8, 2021 · · Health & Pests

Add to Favorites The honey bee cluster moves up in winter and down in summer. The downward movement is easiest to see in a feral colony built into a tree …

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How Long Will a Colony Survive Without a Queen?
September 29, 2021 · · Ask The Expert

Even without a queen, a honey bee can complete her normal adult lifespan of about four-to-six weeks.

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Raising Mason Bees: Do’s and Don’ts
September 23, 2021 · · Plants & Pollination

Raising mason bees is as simple as buying or making suitable housing and placing it where it will be discovered by the bees that already live in your area. If you don’t buy mason bees, starting is a bit slower, but the results are worth the wait.

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Can I Feed Frames of Honey Back to My Colony?
September 23, 2021 · · Ask The Expert

I live in the NC Piedmont. I prepared my hives for winter last Sunday by removing the top supers and adding a quilt frame and a candy board. These are two first-year hives. The honey was not capped last month. This month it’s all capped including eight full frames in the supers and four that are about half full.

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How Do I Combine Two Double-Deep Hives?
September 18, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Beekeeping 101

Before you begin to combine the two double-deep hives, try to consolidate the brood nests in each hive. For example, If one hive has five frames of brood in one box, and two in the other box, try to put all seven of them in one box. Repeat this process in the other hive.

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Can I Use Honey in a Pail Feeder?
September 8, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Beekeeping 101, Honey & Beeswax

You can try putting honey directly in a pail feeder, but I find it tends to crystallize in the holes after a few days.

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What Are Those White Worms in My Honey?
September 8, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Honey & Beeswax

The little white “worms” we sometimes see in honey are not actually worms at all. Instead, they are the larval stage of the wax moth. Just like honey bees, wax moths go through four stages of metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

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How Do I Save a Late-Season Swarm?
August 6, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Health & Pests

Deciding how to handle a late swarm can be difficult, even for an experienced beekeeper. Although late swarms have a very low survival rate, they can be helped along with additional resources.

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class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_4_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_4_5' /></td></tr><tr><td data-label='' class='gsurvey-likert-row-label'>Honey & Beeswax</td><td data-label='Strongly agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol160ec942c4' id='choice_3_16_5_1' /></td><td data-label='Neutral' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol162e78c3ed' id='choice_3_16_5_2' /></td><td data-label='Disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_5_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_5_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_5_5' /></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><fieldset id="field_3_9" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >Are you familiar with our other communities?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_9'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_9_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_9' type='radio' value='gsurvey9050fe9f3' id='choice_3_9_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_9_0' id='label_3_9_0'>Yes</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_9_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_9' type='radio' value='gsurvey9567a8334' id='choice_3_9_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_9_1' id='label_3_9_1'>No</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_10" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label gfield_label_before_complex' >If yes, select which ones.</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_checkbox'><div class='gfield_checkbox' id='input_3_10'><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.1' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey1048489d09' id='choice_3_10_1' /> <label for='choice_3_10_1' id='label_3_10_1'>Countryside</label> </div><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.2' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey10167586c9' id='choice_3_10_2' /> <label for='choice_3_10_2' id='label_3_10_2'>Backyard Poultry</label> </div><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.3' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey1063bb9280' id='choice_3_10_3' /> <label for='choice_3_10_3' id='label_3_10_3'>Goat Journal/Backyard Goats</label> </div><button type="button" id="button_10_select_all" onclick="gformToggleCheckboxes( this )" data-checked="0" data-label-select="Select All" data-label-deselect="Deselect All">Select All</button></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_11" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >How did you find out about us?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_11'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey113bf794d5' id='choice_3_11_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_0' id='label_3_11_0'>Google</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1117f0db73' id='choice_3_11_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_1' id='label_3_11_1'>Facebook</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11b21ada93' id='choice_3_11_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_2' id='label_3_11_2'>Instagram</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11da6b4911' id='choice_3_11_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_3' id='label_3_11_3'>Newsletter</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_4'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11cd97e366' id='choice_3_11_4' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_4' id='label_3_11_4'>Word of Mouth</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_5'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey110c425d8e' id='choice_3_11_5' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_5' id='label_3_11_5'>Countryside</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_6'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey112180c441' id='choice_3_11_6' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_6' id='label_3_11_6'>Backyard Poultry</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_7'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1163c4ea07' id='choice_3_11_7' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_7' id='label_3_11_7'>Goat Journal</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_8'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1173cf2733' id='choice_3_11_8' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_8' id='label_3_11_8'>Other</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><div id="field_3_13" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' for='input_3_13' >If other, please tell us how you found out about us below.</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_13' id='input_3_13' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-describedby="input_3_13_desc" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><fieldset id="field_3_1" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >What is your gender?</legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_1'>Choose which selection best applies to you.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_1'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Male' id='choice_3_1_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' aria-describedby="gfield_description_3_1" /> <label for='choice_3_1_0' id='label_3_1_0'>Male</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Female' id='choice_3_1_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_1' id='label_3_1_1'>Female</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='gsurvey10f4e8dbf' id='choice_3_1_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_2' id='label_3_1_2'>Other</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Prefer Not to Answer' id='choice_3_1_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_3' id='label_3_1_3'>Prefer Not to Answer</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_2" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >What is your age range?</legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_2'>Choose which selection best applies to you.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_2'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='18-24' id='choice_3_2_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' aria-describedby="gfield_description_3_2" /> <label for='choice_3_2_0' id='label_3_2_0'>18-24</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='25-34' id='choice_3_2_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_1' id='label_3_2_1'>25-34</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='35-44' id='choice_3_2_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_2' id='label_3_2_2'>35-44</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='45-54' id='choice_3_2_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_3' id='label_3_2_3'>45-54</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_4'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='55-64' id='choice_3_2_4' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_4' id='label_3_2_4'>55-64</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_5'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='65 or Above' id='choice_3_2_5' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_5' id='label_3_2_5'>65 or Above</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_6'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='Prefer Not to Answer' id='choice_3_2_6' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_6' id='label_3_2_6'>Prefer Not to Answer</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_19" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >Would you like to join our free Backyard Beekeeping newsletter?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_19'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_19_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_19' type='radio' value='gsurvey19eb85fa0b' id='choice_3_19_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_19_0' id='label_3_19_0'>Yes</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_19_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_19' type='radio' value='gsurvey197d0ee5ac' id='choice_3_19_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_19_1' id='label_3_19_1'>No</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><div id="field_3_20" class="gfield gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' for='input_3_20' >If yes, please provide your email here.<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_text">(Required)</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_20' id='input_3_20' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-describedby="input_3_20_desc" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_3_14" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' >How are we doing?</label><div class='ginput_container gsurvey-rating-wrapper'><div class='gsurvey-rating' id='input_3_14'><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14b1a8022e' id='choice_3_14_0' /><label for='choice_3_14_0' title='Excellent'>Excellent</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14d8ea499a' id='choice_3_14_1' /><label for='choice_3_14_1' title='Pretty good'>Pretty good</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating1492e39b10' id='choice_3_14_2' /><label for='choice_3_14_2' title='Neutral'>Neutral</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14bd8359cb' id='choice_3_14_3' /><label for='choice_3_14_3' title='Not so great'>Not so great</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating146260deba' id='choice_3_14_4' 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