About the Author

Rusty Burlew

Rusty is a master beekeeper in Washington State. She has been fascinated by honey bees since childhood and, in recent years, has become enthralled with the native bees that share pollination duty with honey bees. She has an undergraduate degree in agronomic crops and a master’s degree in environmental studies with an emphasis on pollination ecology. Rusty owns a website, HoneyBeeSuite.com, and is the director of a small non-profit, the Native Bee Conservancy of Washington State. Through the non-profit, she helps organizations with conservation projects by taking species inventories and planning pollinator habitat. Besides writing for the website, Rusty has published in Bee Culture and Bee World magazines, and has regular columns in Bee Craft (UK) and the American Bee Journal. She frequently speaks to groups about bee conservation, and has worked as an expert witness in bee sting litigation. In her spare time, Rusty enjoys macro photography, gardening, canning, baking, and quilting.
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Articles by Rusty Burlew

How Long Can I Keep a Caged Queen Bee Alive?
July 27, 2021 · · Ask The Expert

Caged queens can be kept a week to 10 days, and perhaps a day or two longer. But queens lose quality when they are kept from laying for long periods, and the quality of their pheromones decreases, so always keep the storage time as short as possible.

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Why Did My Bees Remove the Frame Foundation?
July 17, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Honey & Beeswax

The bees simply bite off a chunk of wax, mix it with their own saliva, chew it into the right consistency, and then build new comb with it somewhere else in the hive. If later in the season they want to use the frames they borrowed from, they will repair the entire thing such that you can barely see what they did.

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Can I Put Out Extracted Supers Without Encouraging Robbing?
July 17, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Health & Pests

Finding a source of ready-made honey excites the bees, almost to the point of frenzy. So providing wet supers gets the bees agitated and more willing, it seems, to attempt robbing.

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A Slatted Rack and Robbing Screen Can Improve Your Hive Entrance
July 7, 2021 · · Hives & Equipment

One of the best things about a Langstroth beehive is its adaptability. By using optional pieces of beehive equipment like a slatted rack and robbing screen, you can adapt your beehive to suit local conditions.

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Should I Split if I See Queen Cells on Three Frames?
July 1, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Plants & Pollination

If I have queen cells on three different frames, and I know they are going to swarm. This is a new colony from a nuc. Could I make a split from this situation?

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On a Frame of Emerged and Capped Queen Cells, Will the Workers Destroy the Capped Cells?
July 1, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Health & Pests

On a frame that has emerged queen cells and capped queen cells, is it most likely that the capped cell contents have been killed and of no use in trying to raise a queen in a nuc? Are these cells eventually torn down by the workers?

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My Swarm Returned to Where I Found it. Now What?
June 24, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Beekeeping 101

If I have queen cells on three different frames, and I know they are going to swarm. This is a new colony from a nuc. Could I make a split from this situation?

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Which Bees are Attracted to Douglas Fir Sap?
June 24, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Plants & Pollination

On a frame that has emerged queen cells and capped queen cells, is it most likely that the capped cell contents have been killed and of no use in trying to raise a queen in a nuc? Are these cells eventually torn down by the workers?

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Which is Better for a Layens Hive: Fumigation or Vaporization of Oxalic Acid?
June 24, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Health & Pests, Hives & Equipment

I am a new beekeeper and want to know what your thoughts are on using the fumigation method vs the vapor method? I am using Layens Horizontal Hives configuration and really don’t see a good way to use vapor equipment and see the fumigation method (fogging) as a better method for my application.

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How Do I Encourage My Bees to Cap the Frames in the Super?
June 24, 2021 · · Ask The Expert, Health & Pests, Honey & Beeswax

The bees simply bite off a chunk of wax, mix it with their own saliva, chew it into the right consistency, and then build new comb with it somewhere else in the hive. If later in the season they want to use the frames they borrowed from, they will repair the entire thing such that you can barely see what they did.

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form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id="field_3_4" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >Where do you keep bees?</legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_4'>Choose which setting best applies to you.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_4'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_4_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_4' type='radio' value='gsurvey4f6fd23bc' id='choice_3_4_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' aria-describedby="gfield_description_3_4" /> <label for='choice_3_4_0' id='label_3_4_0'>Rural</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_4_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_4' type='radio' value='gsurvey4f19da77f' id='choice_3_4_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_4_1' 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name='input_16.1' type='radio' value='glikertrow8fd30f51:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_1_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.1' type='radio' value='glikertrow8fd30f51:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_1_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.1' type='radio' value='glikertrow8fd30f51:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_1_5' /></td></tr><tr><td data-label='' class='gsurvey-likert-row-label'>Hives & Equipment</td><td data-label='Strongly agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.2' type='radio' value='glikertrow32e2e32d:glikertcol160ec942c4' id='choice_3_16_2_1' /></td><td data-label='Neutral' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.2' type='radio' value='glikertrow32e2e32d:glikertcol162e78c3ed' id='choice_3_16_2_2' /></td><td data-label='Disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.2' type='radio' value='glikertrow32e2e32d:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_2_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.2' type='radio' value='glikertrow32e2e32d:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_2_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.2' type='radio' value='glikertrow32e2e32d:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_2_5' /></td></tr><tr><td data-label='' class='gsurvey-likert-row-label'>Heath & Pests</td><td data-label='Strongly agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.3' type='radio' value='glikertrow36e1825a:glikertcol160ec942c4' id='choice_3_16_3_1' /></td><td data-label='Neutral' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.3' type='radio' value='glikertrow36e1825a:glikertcol162e78c3ed' id='choice_3_16_3_2' /></td><td data-label='Disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.3' type='radio' value='glikertrow36e1825a:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_3_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.3' type='radio' value='glikertrow36e1825a:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_3_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.3' type='radio' value='glikertrow36e1825a:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_3_5' /></td></tr><tr><td data-label='' class='gsurvey-likert-row-label'>Plants & Pollination</td><td data-label='Strongly agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol160ec942c4' id='choice_3_16_4_1' /></td><td data-label='Neutral' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol162e78c3ed' id='choice_3_16_4_2' /></td><td data-label='Disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_4_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_4_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.4' type='radio' value='glikertrow252494b1:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_4_5' /></td></tr><tr><td data-label='' class='gsurvey-likert-row-label'>Honey & Beeswax</td><td data-label='Strongly agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol160ec942c4' id='choice_3_16_5_1' /></td><td data-label='Neutral' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol162e78c3ed' id='choice_3_16_5_2' /></td><td data-label='Disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol160f1988df' id='choice_3_16_5_3' /></td><td data-label='Agree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol16200ec305' id='choice_3_16_5_4' /></td><td data-label='Strongly disagree' class='gsurvey-likert-choice'><input name='input_16.5' type='radio' value='glikertrowea37e50e:glikertcol1678dadfcd' id='choice_3_16_5_5' /></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><fieldset id="field_3_9" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >Are you familiar with our other communities?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_9'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_9_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_9' type='radio' value='gsurvey9050fe9f3' id='choice_3_9_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_9_0' id='label_3_9_0'>Yes</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_9_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_9' type='radio' value='gsurvey9567a8334' id='choice_3_9_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_9_1' id='label_3_9_1'>No</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_10" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label gfield_label_before_complex' >If yes, select which ones.</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_checkbox'><div class='gfield_checkbox' id='input_3_10'><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.1' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey1048489d09' id='choice_3_10_1' /> <label for='choice_3_10_1' id='label_3_10_1'>Countryside</label> </div><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.2' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey10167586c9' id='choice_3_10_2' /> <label for='choice_3_10_2' id='label_3_10_2'>Backyard Poultry</label> </div><div class='gchoice gchoice_3_10_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_10.3' type='checkbox' value='gsurvey1063bb9280' id='choice_3_10_3' /> <label for='choice_3_10_3' id='label_3_10_3'>Goat Journal/Backyard Goats</label> </div><button type="button" id="button_10_select_all" onclick="gformToggleCheckboxes( this )" data-checked="0" data-label-select="Select All" data-label-deselect="Deselect All">Select All</button></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_11" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >How did you find out about us?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_11'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey113bf794d5' id='choice_3_11_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_0' id='label_3_11_0'>Google</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1117f0db73' id='choice_3_11_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_1' id='label_3_11_1'>Facebook</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11b21ada93' id='choice_3_11_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_2' id='label_3_11_2'>Instagram</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11da6b4911' id='choice_3_11_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_3' id='label_3_11_3'>Newsletter</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_4'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey11cd97e366' id='choice_3_11_4' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_4' id='label_3_11_4'>Word of Mouth</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_5'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey110c425d8e' id='choice_3_11_5' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_5' id='label_3_11_5'>Countryside</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_6'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey112180c441' id='choice_3_11_6' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_6' id='label_3_11_6'>Backyard Poultry</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_7'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1163c4ea07' id='choice_3_11_7' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_7' id='label_3_11_7'>Goat Journal</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_11_8'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_11' type='radio' value='gsurvey1173cf2733' id='choice_3_11_8' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_11_8' id='label_3_11_8'>Other</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><div id="field_3_13" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' for='input_3_13' >If other, please tell us how you found out about us below.</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_13' id='input_3_13' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-describedby="input_3_13_desc" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><fieldset id="field_3_1" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >What is your gender?</legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_1'>Choose which selection best applies to you.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_1'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Male' id='choice_3_1_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' aria-describedby="gfield_description_3_1" /> <label for='choice_3_1_0' id='label_3_1_0'>Male</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Female' id='choice_3_1_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_1' id='label_3_1_1'>Female</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='gsurvey10f4e8dbf' id='choice_3_1_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_2' id='label_3_1_2'>Other</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_1_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_1' type='radio' value='Prefer Not to Answer' id='choice_3_1_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_1_3' id='label_3_1_3'>Prefer Not to Answer</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_2" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >What is your age range?</legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_2'>Choose which selection best applies to you.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_2'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='18-24' id='choice_3_2_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' aria-describedby="gfield_description_3_2" /> <label for='choice_3_2_0' id='label_3_2_0'>18-24</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='25-34' id='choice_3_2_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_1' id='label_3_2_1'>25-34</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='35-44' id='choice_3_2_2' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_2' id='label_3_2_2'>35-44</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='45-54' id='choice_3_2_3' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_3' id='label_3_2_3'>45-54</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_4'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='55-64' id='choice_3_2_4' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_4' id='label_3_2_4'>55-64</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_5'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='65 or Above' id='choice_3_2_5' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_5' id='label_3_2_5'>65 or Above</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_2_6'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_2' type='radio' value='Prefer Not to Answer' id='choice_3_2_6' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_2_6' id='label_3_2_6'>Prefer Not to Answer</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><fieldset id="field_3_19" class="gfield gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><legend class='gfield_label' >Would you like to join our free Backyard Beekeeping newsletter?</legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_radio'><div class='gfield_radio' id='input_3_19'> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_19_0'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_19' type='radio' value='gsurvey19eb85fa0b' id='choice_3_19_0' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_19_0' id='label_3_19_0'>Yes</label> </div> <div class='gchoice gchoice_3_19_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_19' type='radio' value='gsurvey197d0ee5ac' id='choice_3_19_1' onchange='gformToggleRadioOther( this )' /> <label for='choice_3_19_1' id='label_3_19_1'>No</label> </div></div></div></fieldset><div id="field_3_20" class="gfield gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' for='input_3_20' >If yes, please provide your email here.<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_text">(Required)</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_20' id='input_3_20' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-describedby="input_3_20_desc" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_3_14" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible gsurvey-survey-field " data-field-class="gsurvey-survey-field"><label class='gfield_label' >How are we doing?</label><div class='ginput_container gsurvey-rating-wrapper'><div class='gsurvey-rating' id='input_3_14'><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14b1a8022e' id='choice_3_14_0' /><label for='choice_3_14_0' title='Excellent'>Excellent</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14d8ea499a' id='choice_3_14_1' /><label for='choice_3_14_1' title='Pretty good'>Pretty good</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating1492e39b10' id='choice_3_14_2' /><label for='choice_3_14_2' title='Neutral'>Neutral</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating14bd8359cb' id='choice_3_14_3' /><label for='choice_3_14_3' title='Not so great'>Not so great</label><input name='input_14' type='radio' value='grating146260deba' id='choice_3_14_4' 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